Angeke sikwazi ukukhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kwabesifazane ngaphambi kokuthi sibhekane namaqinso abuhlungu mayelana nomlando wokulimala. Kusiza ngani ukuthi sibungaze abesifazane abayingcosana besikhathi sethu ekubeni kukhona iningi labesifazane abalala bekhala ngenxa yemivimbo?
Kusiza ngani ukuthi sibungaze usuku olulodwa sigubha usuku lwabesifazane ekubeni iningi labo lithola ukuthula ngesikhathi bembozwe ubumnyama belele noma sebefile? Ubuphofu okuqondiswe kwabesifazane kanye nodlame kuyaqhubeka kushiya abesifazane dengwane. Ngokuzama ukuthola amathuba okunciphisa ubuphofu, abesifazane bazithola beba izisulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuphila dengwane, ukubuswa noma ukulawulwa konke kwenzeke kanye kanye esigabeni sokwesekwa kanye nokunakekelwa? kwenzeka kanjani ukuphila kuhambisane nokuba budengwane? Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi umlando ufaniswe nokuba dengwane? Kwenzakalani uma umuntu obudengwane ezama ukuzisiza kodwa ehluleka? Nakuba ukulingana ngokobulili kuyilungelo kodwa nakho sekube nezingqinamba zakho. Inhlangano ye-United Nations yasungula uhlelo lwe metric system yokukala ukungalingani ngokobulili, isebenzisa izinxa ezintathu okubalwa:Ukuthuthukiswa, ukuzala, ezempilo kanye nemakethe yezokuqashwa.
Ngonyaka ka 2022 amazwe aseAfrika eseNingizimu, afana ne South Africa, yabekwa ku (99) Botswana (120), Kenya (139), Namibia (112) kanye neZimbabwe (132). Phakathi kwamazwe abalelwa ku- 193 akalwa lamazwe abekwa ezingeni eliphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kwinhlolovo ye Afrobarometer lamazwe esiwabalile ngenhla amazwe afana ne South Afrika yayisezingeni eliphezulu ngokwesibalo sika 32.5% eyasola uhulumeni ngalokhu. Abantu okwakhulunywa nabo basola uhulumeni wabo ngokuthi akenzanga kahle mayelana nokukhuthaza amathuba amalungelo afanayo kubantu besifazane. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe kusobala ukuthi ukulingana ngokobulili kuyinkinga engaphezu kweyomkhakha wezomnotho kuphinde kuhlanganise okwenhlalo, kanye nepolitiki. Ukulingana ngokobulili kubalulekile ukuze kunciphise ukuhlukumeza ngokobulili. Njengoba liphezulu kangaka izinga lodlame nokwanda kwezingxabano phakathi kwamazwe ehlukene ase Afrika kanti abantu besifazane ibona abazithola bedengwane ezimweni ezifana nalezi.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi udlame emadolobheni lujwayelekile kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kakhulu kwesibalo sabantu abahlala emadolobheni. Kulezindawo abantu besilisa bona bahlangabezana nodlame olunobungozi bokufa kanti abesifazane bona bahlangabezana nodlame lokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kanye nokuzizwa bengaphephile. Ukuba budengwane kwabantu besifazane kuza namathuba engcindezelo kulemphakathi yamanje. Nakuba imiphakathi entulayo ivame ukubhekelelwa ngokuthi ihlinzekwe ngezidingo, kodwa zikhona izinkinga ezifana nenkohlakalo,ukwesaba ukubika, ukucwaseka emphakathini okudalwa usikompilo,izimiso, ukungalingani ngokwamandla, kanye nokunye. Nakuba abantu besifazane bebhekene nalezinkinga, kodwa banalo ikhono lobuholi, kanye namacebo okusombulula lezinkinga, kodwa kubonakala kanjani ngaphansi kwesimo sokubandlululwa ngokobulili?
Ngokombiko weUnited Nations (UN) “udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane luthathwa njenganoma uluphi udlame lobulili, olungenza ukuthi lugcine ngokuhlukumeza umzimba, ngokocansi, noma ngokomqondo.” Njengokuphulwa kwelungelo lomuntu kusalokhu kuyinkinga ekhungethe umhlaba wonke ephetha ngokuba nomthelela omubi kumuntu ngamunye kanye nasemphakathini. Ngokombiko we UN babalelwa ku 89 abesifazane ababulewe emhlabeni wonke, kanti izwekazi lase Afrika ilona elihamba phambili ekubulaweni kwabesifazane. Kuye ngokwesimo somphakathi udlame lungahluka. Kutholakale ukuthi eAfrika eseNingizimu , babalelwa ku 27% abesifazane abaseminyakeni ebalelwa ku-15 kuyaphezulu asebeke bahlukunyezwa ngokocansi noma ngokomzimba ngenxa yalabo abathandana nabo.
Lokhu kudalwa yizinhlaka emphakathini kanye nezindlela zokwenza. Kucwaningo olwenziwe abe Afrobarometer phakathi kuka 2021- 2023 kwatholakala ukuthi u25.4% wabantu okwakhulunywa nabo basemazweni aseNingizimu yeAfrika bathi kujwayelekile ukuthi abantu besilisa basebenzise udlame kubantu besifazane kanye namantombazane. Nakuba lokhu kuyinkolelo kodwa kuyizinkomba zokuthi kuyahambisana nosiko lwempilo asebeke bahlangabezana nalo abesifazane ngokokuqonda kwabo. Njengoba noMengameli uCyril Ramaphosa eke washo ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika iyizwe eligcwele abantu abahlukumezekile nabantu besifazane ababalelwa ku 1,5 million wabesifazane abahlukunyezwayo esikhathini esingangonyaka. Kubantu ababalelwa ku 61 billion neningi labo okungabesifazane izinga lokuhlukunyezwa liyaqhubeka ukuba isimo esikhathazayo.
Yini edala kube ne GBV?
Ubukhona be GBV eAfrika eseNingizimu kutholakale ukuthi kungenxa yesikompilo elibukela phansi umuntu wesifazane emphakathini . Ukubukelwa phansi komuntu wesifazane kuyingxenye ebalulekile esikweni labantu base Afrika futhi kuyisisekelo sendlela yokuphila kanye nesiko. Kunenkolelo yokuthi kuwuhlelo olusetshenziswayo emphakathini ukuze kubeke phambili ukubaluleka komuntu wesilisa. Amandla wonke akumuntu wesilisa osezingeni lokuba ubaba emndenini, abesilisa bayaphakanyiswa banikwe amandla phezu kwabesifazane.Ngeshwa lokhu kushiya abesifazane nezingane emseni waloluhlelo lwasemndenini.Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantu kubonakala njengento eyifa elisuselwa osikweni. Ukucwaswa kanye nokungalingani ngokobulili kwakhelwe phezu kohlelo olubukela phansi umuntu wesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokhu ubuphofu, ukuphuza ngokweqile, kanye nomlando wohlelo lodlame ikona okudala inkinga yeGBV eAfrika eseNingizimu. Nakuba iNingizimu Afrika isiqede iminyaka engu 30 yonke yathola umbuso wentando yeningi kodwa isazithola ikhungethwe izenzo zodlame lokuhlukumeza ngokobulili (GBV). Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kwabesifazane kudinga ukuthi kwenziwe ngcono indlela yokuphila emphakathini ngokuthi kugudluzwe umlando omubi emphakathini kuphinde kuhlelwe kabusha amandla phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa, nokho isekude indlela.
Umlando oziphindayo
Nakuba ngonyaka ka 1954, izwe lashicilela umqulu we Women’s Charter ngaphambi konyaka wokushicilelwa kwe Freedom Charter ngenxa yokuthi kwabonakala kunesidingo “kuboniswane ngezinkinga zethu kanye nokukhathazeka kwabantu bethu besilisa sibambisane ukususa izinkinga ezivimba inqubekela phambili yethu”, izwe lisalokhu likhungethwe izinga eliphezulu lokuhlukumeza ngokobulili (GBV). Ngonyaka ka 1994 iWomens Charter yabuyekezwa ukuze kuphele ukucwasana emphakathini kanye nobandlululo. Kodwa namanje abesifazane baseNingizimu Afrika basabhekene nokubandlululeka nokucwaswa ngokobulili. Amacala okuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili ayaqhubeka nokuhoxiswa ngenxa yokudonsa isikhathi eside ezinkantolo okugcina kukhathaza umqondo labo abayizisulu. Ngaphezu kwalokhu nakuba kunemithetho emayelana ne Women’s Charter, izwe lisalokhu lehluleka ukuhumusha lomthetho kanye neminye emayelana nokulingana ngokobulili ukuthi kufezeke. Namanje kusekhona idlanzana labesilisa abazibandakanya nokuvimba ukuhlukumeza ngokobulili, lokhu okungabe kudalwa indlela yesikompilo emphakathini.
Uhlelo lokulobola nalo lunothelela wokuthi abantu besilisa banamandla okuphatha abantu besifazane noma ikanjani, lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kuholela ekutheni kube nezenzo zokuhlukumeza ngokocansi kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuhlukumeza. Ngaphezu kwalokhu nabesifazane banomthelela ngenxa yenkolelo yabo yokubekezelela ukuhlukunyezwa, kanye nokungabiki kwalabo abayizisulu. Ukucwaswa kwabesifazane kwenza sizibuze ngesiko lase Afrika kanye nesikompilo emphakathini nangendlela esiphila ngayo okusiholele kuhlobo lwamadoda esiphila nawo emphakathini. Izinkulumo ezethulwa osopolitiki ngesikhathi bekhankasa kanye nangesikhathi kubungazwa usuku lwabesifazane noma kwenziwa imibungazo yemikhankaso ye GBV ne Femicide. Ikuphi esikwenzayo njengesizwe kubalulekile ukuthi kube khona esikwenzayo, Yini esingakwenza? iyadingeka imibono
Izincomo
Imfundo isalokhu idlala indima ebalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abesifazane banikezwa ithuba lempumelelo. Lokhu kudinga ukuqhakambiswa kwamantombazane nokuthi banikezwe ithuba lemfundo, okungaba imfundo yasesikoleni noma imfundo yamakhono ukuze nawo athole amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho. Okunye futhi ubukhona kwabesifazane nokuthola izimali ukuze bafeze uhlelo lwezokushaywa komthetho noma babambisane nazinye izinhlangano ezibhekela amalungelo abesifazane nakho kungasiza ukukhuphula izinga lokusekwa, kuphinde kwehlise amathuba ezenzo zenkohlakalo. Kunesidingo sokuthi kuqedwe ukucwasana kuyekwe imikhuba eyenza kulokhu kuqhubeka ukubukelwa phansi kwabesifazane okudala udlame.
Ngokwazisa abantu besifazane njengabantu ababamba iqhaza elibalulekile emphakathini kungasiza ukuthi kuphele ukubukelwa phansi kwabantu besifazane bese kuhlonishwe indima ye Women’s Charter. Konke lokhu kuqala ngokuthi sibone umlando ongemuhle bese sibhekana nawo sonke ngokubambisana, ngokwenza ubuntu singakwazi ukuqala sihloniphe izindawo zethu emphakathini.
Isiphetho
Nakuba iGBV ifana nesihlava ezwenikazi lase Afrika ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Afrika kuyadinga ukuthi sibheke imuva lethu ukuze sibone lapho konakele khona. Nakuba ukubukelwa phansi kwabantu besifazane kuyinto ewumsuka we siko lase Afrika iyabandlulula futhi iyalimaza umuntu wesifazane emphakathini. Njengoba bengabantu abasengozini badinga ukunakekelwa kanye nokuvikelwa. Kanti nokuthuthukiswa kwabantu besifazane kuyinto ebalulekile ekwenzeni ukuthi kube nokulingana ngokobulili, kunenselelo esukela emlandweni. Esikudingayo ukuthi sithathe izinyathelo zokuqeda iGBV. Akuwona nje umsebenzi walabo abathintekayo, kodwa kungumsebenzi wabo bonke abantu.
UThelma Nyarhi ungumcwaningi enhlanganweni iDemocracy Development Program (DDP) kanti ubhale lombono ngokwakhe.
