Kuloba:uBongiwe Khumalo
Abantu besifazane base Afrika ngokomthetho babevele bezibandakanya kwipolitiki. Ipolitiki esikhathini samanje kanye nesedlule ikhombisa ukubaluleka kwamandla abantu besifazene abanawo emphakathini kanye nasezindabeni zePolitiki eAfrika ngobubanzi ezikhathini zonke kanye nakuzifunda. Umzekelo ngaphambi kwezikhathi zokukholonayizwa kweAfrika, kwakukhona ama Dahomey Amazon, okwakuyibutho labesifazane lezempi elalivikela umbuso wama Dahomey (ngokwesimanje ama Benini); umzabalazo wokulwisana nokukholonayizwa eyabe iholwa uFunmilayo Ransome-Kuti, okungowesifazane owabe eyifeminst elwela amalungelo alinganayo nawobunye ubulili (feminist) kanye nesishoshovu saseNigeria esabe siphikisana nokukholoniyzwa; Inhlangano ezimele eyabe iholwa uWinnie Mandela, isishoshovu esaziwayo saseNingizimu Afrika, esabe silwela amalungelo abantu kanye nokulwisana nobandlululo. Umqondo wokuzibandakanya kwabantu besifazane nezepolitiki, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuhola kubaluleke kakhulu kwintando yeniningi yaseNingizimu Afrika.
Kuleminyaka yakamuva nje isimo sezepolitiki saseNingizimu Afrika sesishinthile saba esinokulingana ngokobulili, kwanda abantu besifazane abathatha izikhundla zokuhola kuzozonke izigaba kuhulumeni. Njengoba abesifazane babekhululekile futhi bekwazi ukuba nezwi ekushayweni kwemithetho ngempumelelo sekudale ukuthi kube nokuqophisana ngenkulumo mayelana neqhaza elibanjwe abesifazane abasezikhundleni zobuholi kwipolitiki yentando yeningi ezweni. Lokhu kuveza amazinga ehlukene okuzibandakanya kwabesifazane abakwipolitiki kuphinde kuhlunge isimo sokuthi ungakanani umehluko osuwenziwe abesifazane abangabaholi kwezepolitiki eNingizimu Afrika.
Ngaphezu kokuba isizwe esixubile (rainbow nation) noma umphakathi onamasiko axubile. Intando yeningi yaseNingizimu Afrika ithathelwa ngasohlangothini lwabantu abamnyama. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi baningi abesifazane abangabaholi kwipolitiki lapha eNingizimu Afrika kanye naseUganda ukwedlula noma yimaphi amanye amazwe athuthukile. Kungenzeka ukuthi lombono ungenxa yamaqembu ezepolitiki asebenzisa inqubo mgomo ye Affirmative Action uma kuqokwa kanye nokuthi kube nengcindezi esuke ivela ophikweni lwabesifazane.
Abesifazane sebeke bangena ezikhundleni zokuba oMengameli ngempumelelo eMalawi uJoyce Banda, waba uMengameli phakathi kuka ,2012-2014, okungowesifazane wesibili eAfrika ukuhola izwe, kanye nowase Liberia u-Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, owaba uMengameli kusukela phakathi kuka-2006-2018: waba owesifazane wokuqala owakhethwa ngokwentando yeningi wahola izwe eAfrika. Kodwa akekho owesifazane oseke waqokwa ukuhola izwe eNingizimu Afrika. Sekube noMengameli abane (4) ukuhola iNingizimu Afrika kusukela kwaphela umbuso wobandlululo owaphela ngo-1994.
Nokho abantu besifazane baqala ukudlala indima ebalulekile endimeni yezepolitiki ezweni kusukela ekupheleni kuka 1990, Isibonelo uDktl. uNkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, owaba uNgqongqoshe wamazwe Angaphandle kusuka ngo-1999-2009, waba owezeMpilo kusukela ngo1994- 1999, waphinde waba uSihlalo we African Union Commission ngo 2012.
INingizimu Afrika iyazwela kakhulu manje uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esingaphambili mayelana nezinto ezithinta ezobulili. Lokhu okudalwa uhlaka lwenqubo mgomo elawula ukusebenza kwemithetho kanye nokwenziwa ngcono kokulethwa kwezidingo kubantu lokhu okudalwe iqhaza elibanjwe abesifazane kwezepolitiki. Ngenxa yalendima enkulu kangaka, abantu besifazane, baseNingizimu Afrika sebekwaze ukuthi bafinyelele eqophelweni lobuholi besuka ezingeni lokuba izishoshovu zokulwela inkululeko.
Iqhaza elibalulekile elibanjwe abesifazene baseNingizimu Afrika ekukhuliseni uhlelo lwentando yeningi esizweni licaciswe kahle kulamaphuzu alandelayo. Lawa ahlanganisa ukushintsha kwemigomo, ulwazi lwabesifazane abangabaholi, kanye nomlando wezigigaba ezenzeka.
•Umzabalazo wokulingana ngokobulili: Abesifazane ibona ababehola umzabalazo wokuletha ushintsho babamba iqhaza ekuketuleni uhulumeni wengcindezelo ngezikhathi zobandlululo. Umsebenzi osemqoka owenziwa izishoshovu zabesifazane ezifana noWinnie Madikizela-Mandela, Ruth Momphati kanye no Albetina Sisulu benza kwabalula ukuthi nabesifazane babambe iqhaza kwezepolitiki.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kohlaka lwezokushaywa kwemithetho:
Emva kokuphela kobandlululo, iNingizimu Afrika yaqala uhlelo lokuchibiyela umthethosisekelo wayo, okwavula ithuba lokuthi kwenziwe ngcono ukulingana ngokobulili. Ukulingana ngokobulili kwafakwa kumthethosisekelo ka 1996 waseNingizimu Afrika, owengeza ngokuthi unikeze abesifazane ilungelo lokuzibandakanya kwipolitiki ngokuphelele. Okwalandela lapho umthetho owawulawula ukulingana ngokobulili , okwaba iElectoral Act of 1998, wagunyaza abantu besifazane ukuthi babambe izikhundla zobuholi kwipolitiki okungenani babe u-50%
- Ukugcizelelwa kwenqubo mgomo: Abesifazane abasezikhundleni zobuholi kwipolitiki sebekwazile ukukhombisa ukuthi ukuzibophezela kwabo ekuthuthukiseni imithetho ebhekelela ubulili, emayelana nezinto ezifana nokuthola usizo lwezempilo, imfundo ukuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho, kanye nokungahlukumezi ngokobulili.
- Kusezingeni eliphezulu ukumeleleka Kwabesifazane kwezePolitiki: Selokhu kwafakwa indaba yokulingana ngokobulili, besilokhu sikhuphuke njalo isibalo sabantu besifazane abakwipolitiki. Izinga lokukhula kwabesifazane ekubambeni iqhaza kwiPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika kanye nakuhulumeni wezasekhaya isona sizathu sokuthi kube nokuhambisana kokulingana ngokobulili kanye nabesifazane abasebuholini kwezepolitiki.
- Ubuholi besifazane: Ukuqonda mayelana nolwazi lwabesifazane kwezepolitiki kwehluke ngezindlela ezingafani kodwa ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni umgomo yabo kanye nendlela abahola ngayo edinga ube nokuqonda ngemibono yabantu besifazane abangabaholi kusukela ezingeni lobuzwe, ubuhlanga, kanye ngokwezinga lempilo ngokunjalo nendima edlalwa ukwehluka kwabo ngokobuzwe uma kuza kwindlela abahola ngayo kanye nabathatha ngayo izinqumo kuhulumeni.
Ekugcineni iqhaza elibanjwe abesifazane ebuholini kwezepolitiki yentando yeningi eNingizimu Afrika angeke yabukelwa phansi. Abesifazane abangabaholi badlale indima enkulu ekwakheni inqubo mgomo kuzwelonke, baphakamisa ukulingana ngokobulili, baphinde baba isibonelo esizukulwaneni esilandelayo njengoba silangazelela ukwakha isizwe esihlanganisayo nesililinganayo,nakuba zikhona izingqinamba kodwa impumelelo esizuziwe manje ikhombisa abantu besifazane abangabaholi asebeshintshe kakhulu. Uhlelo lwentando yeningi eNingizimu Afrika luya ngokuthuthuka kwabantu besifazane kwezepolitiki, gakho ukweseka abaholi besifazane kubalulekile ukuze kwakhiwe ikusasa elingcono . Kunethuba lokuthi kube nokubandakanya kwabesifazane abaphokophele ukuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni ezimayelana nokuthi bangenzakanjani ukuthi benze ngcono ukulingana ngokobulili kanye nobuholi eNingizimu Afrika obuthinta zonke izingxenye ezahlukene emphakathini. Isikhathi yiso lesi.
UNksz. Bongiwe Khumalo ungumcwaningi kanye nomfundisi. Okulotshwe lapha kungumbono wakhe yedwa ngokuzimela
