KULOBA U-PAUL KARIUKI
Inkohlakalo iyisihlava esikhungethe umhlaba. Iningi lamazwe emhlabeni wonke alahlekelwa ama billion amadola ngenxa yenkohlakalo. Kungekudala ngonyaka ophelile uMengameli waseUganda uMhlonishwa uYoweri Museveni usanda kwethula umbiko wokuthi inkohlakalo isiyenze izwe lakhe lalahlekelwa cishe isamba esingu $2,5Billion wamadola.. Ngokombiko we Transparency International (TI) I-Uganda iyizwe lesi- 141 kumazwe angu-80 ngenkohlakalo. Lena ingxenye nje yesibonelo esibonisa umthelela wenkohlakalo esizweni.
Ngaphandle kokuthi amazwe omhlaba azimisele ukuthi alwisane nalesisihlava emphakathini kanye nasemkhakheni wezinkampani ezizimele, ukukhula kanye nentuthuko kwezomnotho kuyoba nzima nakuba kunemithetho ebekiwe yokwenza ngcono isimo.
Nokho iNingizimu Afrika izama ngayo yonke indlela ukulwisana nenkohlakalo ngezindlela eziningi ukuze iqinise umthetho. Ushicilelo olusha lwesigaba 34 (4) okuwumthetho waseNingizimu Afrika wokuvimba uphinde uqede izenzo zenkohlakalo (PCCAA), inyanga ka Ephreli 2024 isikhathi esimqoka sokuhlanganisa uhlaka lomthetho lokuqeda ngenkohlakalo. Lokhu kumayelana nomsebenzi wokuthi kubikwe mayelana nezenzo zenkohlakalo. Lena ingqophamlando enezela ngaphezu komsebenzi wokubika ngezenzo zenkohlakalo ehlanganisa izinkampani ezizimele kanye nezinkampani ezingaphansi kukahulumeni. Lama-project alwisana nenkohlakalo kuqondwe ngawo ukuthi kuqiniswe imizamo yokuqeda inkohlakalo.
Nokho akukafiki ukuthi lesigaba salomthetho siqale ukuba nomthelela ngenxa yokuthi abantu bengenalo ithemba kwabezomthetho, lokhu okuholela ekutheni bangabaze ukubika amacala enkohlakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kunokukhathazeka mayelana nokuthi abomthetho abazihluphi ngokulandela amacala enkohlakalo enziwa abantu abasemazingeni aphakeme. Ngakho kungani imiyalezo elwisana nenkohlakalo kungabonakali iba nemiphumela efanele?
Okokuqala, ubukhona kwenkohlakalo ejulile
Inkohlakalo isijule kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukene okuhlanganisa uhulumeni, izinkampani ezingaphansi kukahulumeni kanye namabhizinisi azimele. Abantu abathize abasemandleni nasezikhundleni eziphezulu abazuzayo ngenkohlakalo kuvame ukuthi kube ibona kanye abaphikisana noshintsho. Laba bantu ibona futhi ababukela phansi uphenyo baphinde bavimbe imizamo yokuthi baphendule ngezenzo zabo. Lokhu okwenza kube nzima ukuthi imikhankaso emelene nezenzo zenkohlakalo ithele izithelo.
Okwesibili , Abezomthetho abangenawo amandla
Nakuba iNingizimu Afrika inezikhungo ezifana nophiko lwezokushushiswa kuzwelonke – National Prosecuting Authority (NPA),kanye nolwe Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation (Hawks), zivame ukweswela amandla, ukuzimela, noma kanye nosopolitiki abangazimisele ukubhekanan ngqo nenkohlakalo .Lama Ejenti abhekene nenkinga yokweswela izinsiza, ukugxambukela kosopolitiki, noma kwesinye isikhathi kube inkohlakalo yangaphakathi, okwenza kube nzima kuwona ukuthi akwazi ukulwisana nenkohlakalo.
Okwesithathu, ukugxambukela kwezepolitiki kanye nenkululeko Thirdly, political interference and freedom
Kuvame ukuthi kungabikho ofuna ukuphendula emazingeni aphezulu kwipolitiki, Okwenziwa ukuthi izikhulu eziphezulu kanye nosopolitiki kunenkolelo yokuthi bona bangaphezu komthetho. Amacala asezingeni eliphezulu afana nalawo afaka phakathi lowo owabe enguMengameli uJacob Zuma, akhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi abantu abaphezulu kwipolitiki bavame ukuthi bagweme ukubhekana nezenzo zabo . Lokhu kudala ukuthi kube nesiko lokuthi kubukeke sengathi inkohlakalo yinto nje efanele, bese kuqeda ukwethenjwa kwezobulungiswa.
Okwesine. Ukuhamba kancane kwendima yezomthetho
Ngisho noma sekuthiwa amacala enkohlakalo alethwa enkantolo, uhlelo lwezobulungiswa lona luhamba kancane kakhulu, okuyinto ekhathazayo. Amacala athatha iminyaka eminingi lapha eNingizimu Afrika, ngaphambi kokuthi kufinyelelwe esiphethweni, okuyinto engagcini nje ngokuthi iqede amandla imiyalezo yokulwa nenkohlakalo, futhi iphethe ngokuthi iqede ithemba.
Okwesine, Ukungafundiseki ngokwanele komphakathi mayelana nenkohlakalo kanye nomthelela wakho
Imikhankaso elwisana nenkohlakalo, ivama ukuthi idinge ukuthi iqaliswe phezulu iye phansi, iqinise kakhulu kwizindlela zomthetho noma emkhankasweni wabezindaba, kodwa futhi yehluleke ukuxhumana ngokugcwele nomphakathi ngobubanzi bawo emazingeni aphansi. Izinhlangano zemiphakathi (Civil society organisations) adlala indima ebalulekile kwimizamo yokulwa nenkohlakalo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuthi kubandakanye izinhlangano zemiphakathi , imiyalezo yodwa angeke ikwazi ukufaka ingcindezi yokuthi kuze kube noshintsho.
Yini okungenziwa okwehlukile?
Ukuze imiyalezo elwisana nenkohlakalo lapha eNingizimu Afrika ithele izithelo kudingeka ukuthi kube nezindlela eziningi zokuxhumana, kanye nesimo sokwethembeka kwabezomthetho, kuhlanganisa nokubandakanywa komphakathi. Nanka amasu ayisikhombisa angenza ukuthi kube nendlela ezosebenza yemiyalezo yokulwa nenkohlakalo:
Imiyalezo eqondaniswe nabantu abehlukene
Izingxenye ezahlukene zemiphakathi, ziyathinteka ngenxa yenkohlakalo. Imiyalezo yokulwisana nenkohlakalo kumele ikwazi ukuthi ibe ezozwakala ngokweqembu labantu ebhekiswe kubo:
- Kubantu nje; Qondanisa nalokho okudalwa inkohlakalo emisebenzini efana nezempilo, ezemfundo, kanye nezokuqashwa. Sebenzisa imifanekisa ehambelana nabo, ubakhombise ukuthi inkohlakalo izithinta kanjani izimpilo zabo.
- Intsha kanye nezitshudeni: Phromotha imfundiso mayelana nokulwisana nenkohlakalo, bese ugqamise iqhaza lentsha ekwenzeni abaholi baphendule ngezenzo zenkohlakalo. Khulumisana nabo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, imikhankaso ebhekiswe entsheni, kanye nakuma digital plartforms.
- Izikhulu zikahulumeni: Imiyalezo lapha kumele iqinise mayelana neqhaza labo njengezisebenzi zikahulumeni kanye nomthetho okuhlanganisa nemiphumela edalwa ukuzihlanganisa nezenzo zenkohlakalo.
- Izinkampani ezizimele: Khuluma ngobungozi obuhlangene nenkohlakalo ebhizinisini (Isibonelo, Isithunzi, inhlawulo yezomthetho) kanye nomthelela omuhle wokuziphatha kahle ebhizinisini.
- Sengiphetha, Ukuze isebenze kahle imiyalezo elwisana nenkohlakalo lapha eNingizimu Afrika , idinga ukuthi yesekelwe izikhungo ezinamandla kanye nokuzimisela kosopolitiki. Kubuyiselwe ukwethenjwa umphakathi , kusetshenziswa amandla ezomthetho, kunciphiswe izinga lokungalingani, kanye nokunikeza umdlandla izinhlangano zemiphakathi ukuthi zenze abaholi baphendule ngezenzo zabo lokhu kungasiza ukuguqula isimo senkohlakalo . Okunye kudingeka ukuthi kube nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezikhungo zikahulumeni, izinkampani ezizimele, kanye nezinhlangano zemiphakathi ukuze abenzi benkohlakalo baziphendulele, nokuthi abenzi benkohlakalo bajeze. Ukubhekana nalesisimo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imiyalezo ithela izithelo ezidingekayo.
UDktl. Paul Kariuki unguMphathi Jikelele wenhlangano I-Democracy Development Program, kanti ubhala ngokuzimela
