YOLOKAZI MFULO
Kulonyaka ka 2024, sibukeka sinzima kakhulu isimo salabo abadinga ukukhoseliswa lapha eNingizimu Afrika ababizwa ngama Asylum Seekers kanye nama Refugees. Njengoba lelizwe lilokhu liyindawo yokucasha kulabo abasuke bebaleka emazweni abo ngenxa yezimpi kanye nokuthweswa amacala ezombusazwe emazweni abo. Isimo senhlalo kubona sinzima kakhulu kanti nezingqinamba zezomthetho wokwamukelwa kwabo okubuye kube yimbangela yokubambezeleka kohlelo lokwamukelwa kwabo okuhlanganisa ukucwaseka ngokobuzwe, kanye nezimo zenhlalo ezingezinhle, izona eziqhubeka nokuba inkinga empilweni yama Refugees.Kanti ukubhekelela izidingo zabo kusalokhu kuyinkinga lapha eNingizimu Afrika.
INingizimu Afrika Afrika isalokhu iyindawo ebalulekile kubantu abavela emazweni aseAfrika okubalwa kuwo, iZimbabwe, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) kanye nase Ethopia. Amathuba omnotho angcono, imithetho evumela ukwamukelwa kwabokfika kanye nozinzo kuleli uma kuqhathaniswa nakwamanye amazwe iyona edala ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika ithandeke.Nokho izwe laseNingizimu Afrika lilokhu libonakala linomthwalo onzima wokukwazi ukumumatha izinkumbi zabokufika kuleli lokhu okudalwa izimo ezahlekene okubalwa kuzo ipolitiki,ezomnotho,kanye nesimo senhlalo emphakathini.
Ngokulawula komthetho ka 1951we United Nations Refugee Convention and Refugees Act uchaza ngokuthi umuntu oyi Refugee njengalowo osesimeni sokwesaba ukushushiswa ezweni lakhe ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene okungaba ubuhlanga, inkolo, ubuzwe, ubulunga benhlangano ethize noma okwepolitiki, uba ngaphandle kwezwe lakhe ngoba engazimisele ukuzinikela ezweni lakhe.
Ngokwe United Nations Agency (UNHCR) eAfrika babalelwa ku 1,5 million wababaleki abangama refugees kanye nama Asylum seekers , iUganda ilona lizwe elinesibalo esiphezulu ilandelwe Ethopia (880,000) iSudani (1,1 million). Ngakolunye uhlangothi iNingizimu Afrka iyikhaya kubabaleki ababalelwa ku 250,000, iningi labo elivela eSouth Sudan, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Somalia, kanye ne Democratic Republic of Congo.
Kanti uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika usethole ukugxekwa okukhulu ngenxa yendlela aphatha ngayo izinto ezimayelana nabokufika kuleli, ikakhulukazi mayelana nohlelo oluhamba kancane lokucwaningwa kwamaphepha alabo abadinga ukwamukeleka kanye nendlela okuphathwa ngayo ama refugees. Nokho uhulumeni usethathe izinyathelo zokuphuthumisa loluhlelo olusilele ngemuva lwalabo abafake izicelo futhi usenze okungcono mayelana nokwenganyelwa kwemingcele ukuze kulungiswe uhlelo lwabokufika kuleli.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule kuke kwaba nokuqiniswa kwemithetho yokwamukela ababaleki abangena kuleli kwaze kwaqiniswa nemithetho yokungena emingceleni , lokhu okwenza ukuthi kugcine kuba nzima ukuthi abokufika bathole ilungelo lobuzwe kuleli.
Ngokomthetho uma umuntu wangaphandle efaka isicelo sokuthola imvumo yokuba kuleli (asylum/refugee) banikelzwa imvume ebizwa nge Section 22, emnika ilungelo lokuba kuleli isikhathi esingangonyaka emvumela ukuthi ahlale okwesikhashana ngesikhathi esalinde impendulo yesicelo sakhe se refugee esivela eMnyangweni wezaseKhaya lapha eNingizimu Afrika.
Okunye ama asylum seeker avunyelwe ukuthi asebenze, afunde, futhi ahlale lapha eNingizimu Afrika ngokunikezwa imvume. Lokhu kubavikela ekutheni bathathwe njengabangenayo imvume yokuba kuleli, futhi angeke baphindiselwe emazweni abo, lemvume inikezwa kuphela umuntu oyi asylum seeker, ngesikhathi kusahlelwa isicelo sakhe.INingizimu Afrika isinesikhathi eside ilwa nenkinga yokuhamba kancane kohlelo lwezimvume zalabo abafaka izicelo zokuba kuleli. Kuze kube kulonyaka ka 2024, kusalokhu kuyinkinga enkulu. Abokufika kuleli basalokhu belindele izicelo zabo ukuthi zisetshenzwe okuba yinto edonsa iminyaka eminingi.
Lokhu okwenza iningi labokufika ligcine lihleli kuleli ngaphandle kwezimvume, lize lihlale liphethe amaphepha ezimvume asephelelwe isikhathi, nalokhu okwenza bengakwazi ukuthola izidingo ezifana nezempilo, imfundo kanye nokuthola amathuba okuqashwa, Iningi labokufika ligcina lihlala ezindaweni ezicinene ikakhulukazi emijondolo kanye nasemadolobheni, Ukuthola ithuba lokuba namakhaya kuba inkinga lokhu okwenza bagcine behlukumezeka.
Kusalokhu kuyinkinga ukuzithola behlukumezeka ngokucwaswa ngokobuzwe, esikhathini esingaphambili, lapha eNingizimu Afrika kuke kwaba neziqubu zodlame lokucwaswa ngokobuzwe obekubhekiswe kwabokufika. Kulonyaka ka 2024 kusekhona ukungaboni ngasolinye phakathi kwabantu bakuleli kanye nabantu bokufika kusekubi kakhulu,uma kumayelana nezindlu kanye namathuba okuqashwa. Izinga lempilo yabantu baseNingizimu Afrika lokungalingani ngokwempilo, ukungabikho kwamathuba omsebenzi, kanye nesimo somnotho esinzima, ikona okuyimbangela enkulu yalenkinga yezinxushunxushu.
Izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni (NGO’s) kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi (civil society organisations) ziyaqhubeka nokudlala indima yokusiza abokufika kuleli kanye nokuvikela amalungelo abo. Lezinhlangano zenza umsebenzi wokubanika usizo lwezomthetho, ukudla,ezempilo,kanye nolunye usizo abaludingayo, ukuze bakwazi ukubhekana nezimo zabo njengoba bephila kuleli laseNingizimu Afrika. .
Inhlangano Helen Suzman Foundation ngokubambisana ne Consortium For Refugees and Migrants lapha eNingizimu Afrika isanda kuphikisana nesinqumo salowo owabe engu Ngqongqoshe wezaseKhaya esabe simayelana nokukhanselwa kwemvume yabantu baseZimbabwe (Exemption Permit) esetshenziswe izinkulungwane zabantu baseZimbabwe ababaleka ezweni labo eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Lenhlangano yaliwina icala enkantolo enkulu yase Pitoli, Inkantolo yathola ukuthi isinqumo sasingekho emthethweni.
Helen Suzman Foundation and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Others Imvume yabantu base Zimbabwe eyaziwa ngele Zimbabwe Exemption eyisipesheli emayelana nomthetho wokufuduka (Immigration Act) evumela cishe abantu ababalelwa ku 178,000 kanye nezingane zabo abahlezi okwesikhashana kuleli ukuze bakwazi ukukhululeka, basebenze, bafunde lapha eNingizimu Afrika.
Lomthetho ungowesithathu selokhu waqala ngonyaka ka 2009, njenge project ebizwa nge Dispensation for Zimbabwe Project (DZP) eyasungulwa uhulumeni wase Ningizimu Afrika ukuze ukwazi ukubhekana nesibalo esiphezulu sokufuduka kwabantu baseZimbabwe kuleli, ababe balekela izimpi zodlame lwezepolitiki. Ngonyaka ka 2008.
Ngonyaka ka 2014 loluhlelo lwe Zimbabwe Special Permit (ZSP) lwaphindwe lwavuselelwa kabusha njenge ZEP ngo 2017. Noma ngabe babefake izicelo ze DZP, ZSP, noma ze ZEP, abantu kwakumele bafake izicelo ze asylum, bakhombise ukuthi banayo imali yokuzibheka ngesikhathi behleli kuleli, nokuthi abanawo amacala.
Namanje abantu abaphethe izimvume ze- ZEP ilabo abaziphethe kahle abathobela umthetho wakuleli futhi abasebenzayo nasebezenzele impilo eNingizimu Afrika eminyakeni engu-13 edlule, emva kokuthi bazithola bephoqelekile ngenxa yezimo zaseZimbabwe.Iningi labo selinezingane ezingalazi elinye ikhaya ngaphandle kwalapha eNingizimu Afrika.
Sengiphetha; lelizwe kumele lenze kangcono indlela eliphatha ngayo abantu bokufika kuleli, Uhulumeni kumele enze isiqiniseko sokuthi lokubambezeleka kohlelo lokucubungulwa kwezicelo okwenzeka eMnyangweni wezaseKhaya kuyaphela. Lokhu sekudale inkinga kwizinkulungwane zabokufika abangakwazi ukuthola usizo lwezempilo, imfundo, kanye namathuba okuqashwa ngenxa yokuthi izimvume zabo ziphelelwe isikhathi noma abangasenazo sanhlobo ngenxa yezimo zobugebengu obenzeka eNingizimu Afrika.
Eqinisweni alikho izwe eliyoba lihle uma liphatha kabi abantu bokufika njengabavakashi abangadingeki noma elingakwazi ukuphumelela ngesikhathi amazwe angomakhelwane engamile kakhle ngenxa yokungabi nalo uzinzo kwezepolitiki futhi angamile kahle kwezomnotho.
UYolokazi Mfuto uyi Communication Strategist yenhlangano iDDP, ubhala lombono ngokuzimela
