Udokotela ohlinza futhi alungise kabusha izitho zomzimba unxusa abantu baseNingizimu Afrika ukuba bangazishayi indiva izinguquko ezincane esikhunjeni, ngoba zingagcina zidinga ukwelashwa nokuhlinzwa okukhulu.
Isilonda esingafuni ukuphola, imvukuzane eqala ukushintsha, noma indawo encane esikhunjeni ehlala yopha noma iba noqweqwe — zonke lezi zinguquko kungaba lula ukuzithatha kancane. Nokho, umdlavuza wesikhumba uyisifo esingaba yingozi enkulu futhi esingabulala. Ukubambezeleka kokuyohlolwa kungabangela ukuthi ngisho nesilonda esincane sigcine sesinzima kakhulu ukuselapha.
NgoSepthemba, iNingizimu Afrika igubha iNyanga Yokuqwashisa Nge-Albinism, lapho kuqwashiswa khona ngezinselelo zezempilo nezenhlalo ezibhekene nabantu abaphila ne-albinism.
I-Albinism yisimo sofuzo esiphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin, okuyinto enikeza isikhumba, izinwele namehlo umbala. I-melanin iphinde ivikele isikhumba ngokwemvelo emisebeni eyingozi yelanga ebizwa nge-ultraviolet (UV). Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abaphila ne-albinism, abanayo i-melanin eyanele noma abangenayo nhlobo, basengozini enkulu yokulimala kwesikhumba ngenxa yelanga nokungenwa umdlavuza wesikhumba.
USolwazi Chrysis Sofianos, ongudokotela ohlinzayo oqinisekiswe yizinhlangano ezintathu zobungcweti futhi oyinhloko yezemfundo eMnyangweni Wokuhlinza Nokulungisa Kabusha Izitho eNyuvesi yaseWitwatersrand, uthi lokhu kwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzivikela njalo elangeni nokuqapha izinguquko esikhunjeni.
“INyanga Yokuqwashisa Nge-Albinism kufanele impela iqhakambise ubungozi obukhulu abantu abaphila ne-albinism ababhekene nabo ngenxa yokuchayeka elangeni nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Umyalezo obalulekile uthi vikela isikhumba sakho futhi wazi ukuthi sijwayele ukubukeka kanjani, ukuze noma yiluphi ushintsho olukhathazayo luhlolwe kusenesikhathi,” kusho uSofianos.
Nokho, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukubona umdlavuza wesikhumba kusenesikhathi kubantu abaphila ne-albinism. Eminye imidlavuza yesikhumba ingase ingabi nawo umbala abantu abavame ukuwuhlanganisa nezilonda ezisolisayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bangathembeli embaleni kuphela uma benquma ukuthi ushintsho oluthile ludinga ukuhlolwa ngudokotela yini.
USofianos uthi le nyanga ingasiza nasekuqedeni umbono wokuthi umdlavuza wesikhumba uthinta kuphela abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo. Nakuba isikhumba esimnyama kanye nenani eliphezulu le-melanin kunikeza ukuvikeleka okukhulu ngokwemvelo, lokhu akusho ukuthi umuntu akasoze angenwa umdlavuza wesikhumba.
Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba zingavela nasezindaweni ezingavamile ukuchayeka elangeni, okuhlanganisa ngaphansi kwezinyawo, ezintendeni zezandla nangaphansi kwezinzipho.
“Wonke umuntu kufanele asazi kahle isikhumba sakhe futhi aqaphele uma kukhona okushintshayo, kuhlanganise nasezindaweni zomzimba ezingabonakali kalula. Uma kukhona okungabonakali kulungile, kufanele uyohlolwa kunokuba uzishaye indiva noma uzame ukuzixilonga wena,” kusho yena.
Cishe zingu-27 000 izigameko zomdlavuza wesikhumba ezirekhodiwe
Ukukhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza wesikhumba uvame kangakanani, iNational Cancer Registry yaseNingizimu Afrika yaqopha izigameko ezingu-26 967 ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zomdlavuza wesikhumba ngo-2024.
Lezi zinhlobo zazihlanganisa:
- I-basal cell carcinoma (BCC);
- I-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) yesikhumba; kanye
- Ne-melanoma.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNational Cancer Registry yabeka i-BCC njengomdlavuza wesibili ovame kakhulu kwabesilisa nowesithathu kwabesifazane. I-SCC yesikhumba yaba ngowesithathu ovame kakhulu kwabesilisa nowesine kwabesifazane.
“Lezi zibalo zibalulekile ngoba umdlavuza wesikhumba usengathathwa njengesifo esingavamile noma abantu bacabange ukuthi uhlale ubonakala kalula uma uqala. Eqinisweni, izilonda eziningi ziqala zincane futhi zibukeke zingabalulekile.
“Abantu bangase bachithe izinyanga bebuka isilonda ngoba sincane, asibuhlungu noma sibukeka njengemvukuzane ejwayelekile, isilonda esingasho lutho noma uphawu lokuguga. Kodwa ukungabi khona kobuhlungu akusho ukuthi akukho okufanele kukhathaze umuntu,” kuchaza uSofianos.
Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zingahlanganisa:
- Isimila esisha esikhunjeni;
- Isilonda esihlala singapholi;
- Isilonda esopha noma esihlala sakha uqweqwe; kanye
- Nokushintsha kobukhulu, ukwakheka noma umbala wemvukuzane ekhona.
Uma ukususa umdlavuza kuyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yokwelashwa
Umdlavuza wesikhumba othinta ikhala, amajwabu amehlo, izindlebe, isikhumba sekhanda nezinye izindawo zobuso ungadinga ukuba kususwe izicubu ezanele ukuze welashwe ngokuphelele.
Kuye ngobukhulu nendawo yesikhala esisele ngemva kokususwa kwezicubu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa kabusha indawo ethintekile ukuze kulondolozwe ukusebenza kwayo kanye nokubukeka komuntu.
“Abantu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi ukuhlinzwa ngepulasitiki kumayelana nokwenza umuntu abukeke kahle kuphela. Kodwa ukulungisa kabusha umzimba ngemva kokwelashwa komdlavuza kuyingxenye ebalulekile yalo mkhakha.
“Uma umdlavuza ususwa endaweni efana nekhala, ijwabu leso noma indlebe, asibheki kuphela ukuthi sizosivala kanjani isilonda. Kufanele sicabange nangokubuyisela ukwakheka nokusebenza kwaleyo ngxenye yomzimba, siphinde sithole umphumela ongcono kakhulu wesiguli,” kusho uSofianos.
Kubantu abaphila ne-albinism, ukuqhubeka nokuba sengozini yokulimala ngenxa yemisebe ye-UV kungandisa ubunzima bokwelashwa. Ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nezilonda ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ezinomdlavuza noma ezingase ziphenduke umdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa akuhlali kuyinto eyenzeka kanye kuphela.
Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo, ukuvikelwa kwesikhumba nokuhlolwa kusenesikhathi kwezilonda ezintsha kusabalulekile ngisho nangemva kokuba umdlavuza owodwa uselashwe ngempumelelo.
Njengodokotela ohlinza futhi alungise kabusha izitho zomzimba, uSofianos ujwayele ukwelapha iziguli ezidinga ukulungiswa kabusha kwezindawo zomzimba ngemva kokususwa komdlavuza. Uthi imiphumela yokubambezeleka kokuxilongwa ibonakala ngokucacile.
Izilonda esezinkulu zingadinga ukuthi kususwe izicubu eziningi futhi kulungiswe kabusha indawo ethintekile. Lokhu kungabangela izibazi ezibonakala kakhulu noma ukuthi isilonda sithathe isikhathi eside ukuphola. Yingakho ukwesaba isibazi kungafanele neze kuvimbele umuntu ukuba ayohlolwa kusenesikhathi.
“Uma umdlavuza usheshe utholakale futhi welashwe ngendlela efanele, kuba ngcono amathuba ethu okunciphisa inani lezicubu okufanele zisuswe kanye nobukhulu bokuhlinzwa kokulungisa kabusha okungase kudingeke,” kusho yena.
Ngakho-ke, iNyanga Yokuqwashisa Nge-Albinism kufanele igcizelele ukuvikelwa okukhethekile okudingwa ngabantu abaphila ne-albinism, iphinde ikhumbuze bonke abantu baseNingizimu Afrika ngokubaluleka kokusheshe baqaphele noma yiluphi ushintsho olusolisayo esikhunjeni.
“Kubantu abaphila ne-albinism, ukuvikela isikhumba ngokucophelela elangeni nokusihlola njalo kubaluleke kakhulu. Nakubo bonke abantu, uma isilonda sishintsha, sopha, sihlala sakha uqweqwe noma singapholi, ningasishayi indiva. Hambani niyohlolwa,” kuphetha uSofianos.
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